Adolescent constitute

 

1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B.

Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and life styles are shaped. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives. There are 28 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys.

The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.

In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19. Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families tend to marry at a later age. Boys, however, become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood...................                                     [Unit-5; Lesson-2]

[DinajB '17; Rajuk Uttara Model College, Dhaka- '16; Gulshan Commerce College, Dhaka- '16; Shachindra College, Habiganj- '16]

Constitute (Kb&w÷wUDU&)v-MVb/¯’vcb Kiv; to be the parts that together form sth; syn-establish, form, make up, comprise. Core (†Kv(i&))n-†Kv‡bvwKQyi me‡P‡q Myi“Z¡c–Y© Ask; the most important or central part of sth; syn-centre, crux, gist, heart, nucleus; ant-exterior, perimeter, surface. Renewal (wiwb¨DAvj&)n-bevqb; a situation in which sth is replaced, improved or made more successful; syn-recreation, reconditioning, reconstruction, renovation. Inequality (Bwb‡KvAvwjwU)n-AmgZv, ˆelg¨; the unfair difference between groups of people in society, when some have more wealth, status or opportunities than others; syn-bias, disparity, diversity; ant-equality. Subordination (mv‡evwW‡bBk&b&)n-AaxbZv, †MŠYZv; state of treating sb/sth as less important than sb/sth else; syn-dependence, inferiority, minority; ant-superiority, liberty. Widespread (IAvBW&‡¯•ÖW&)adj-e¨vcK, we¯@„Z; existing or happening over a large area or among many people; syn-broad, extensive, far-reaching, pervasive, prevailing, unlimited; ant-limited. Exclusion (BK&m&K¬zR&b&)n-eR©b; the act of preventing sb/sth from entering a place or taking part in sth; syn-barring, omission, elimination; ant-inclusion. Vulnerability (fvj&bvivwejvwU)n-Avµg¨Zv, Nv‡Zvc‡hvwMZv; state of being weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally; syn-weakness, defenselessness, openness, exposure, liability; ant-resistance, strength. Abuse (AvweDm&)n-Ace¨envi, Agh©v`v; the use of sth in a way that is wrong or harmful; syn-defame, harm, ill-treat, maltreat, misuse, molest; ant-care for, cherish, praise. Affluent (A¨vd&jyAvb&U&)adj-weËevb, cÖvPyh©gq; having a lot of money and a good standard of living; syn-moneyed, opulent, prosperous, rich, wealthy, well-off; ant-poor, impoverished. Transition (Uªvb&wRkb&)n-cwieZ©b, iƒcvš@i; the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another; syn- change, move, passage, transformation, conversion, ant-beginning, end.

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evsjv‡`‡ki cwiev‡i I mgv‡R wK‡kvix‡`i Ae¯’v AmgZv I `vmZ¡ Øviv wPwýZ| G AmgZv e¨vcK evj¨ weevn, cÖvwš@K Ae¯’vb wKsev ¯^v¯’¨, wk¶v I A_©‰bwZK my‡hvM-myweav †_‡K eÂbv Ges mwnsmZv I †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nIqvi w`‡K PvwjZ K‡i|

evsjv‡`‡k †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ we‡qi AvBbm¤§Z eqm 18 Ges †Q‡j‡`i Rb¨ 21| hv †nvK, 33 kZvsk wK‡kvixi 15 eQi eq‡mi Av‡MB we‡q nq Ges 60 kZvsk wK‡kvix 19 eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨ gvZ…Z¡ jvf K‡i| M‡elYvq cÖvß Z_¨ Abyhvqx D”PZi wk¶v I AwaK Ae¯’vm¤•bœ cwiev‡ii wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixiv †ewk eq‡m we‡q K‡i| hv †nvK, †Q‡jiv eqtmwÜKvj I cÖvßeq¯‹Zv cÖvwßi †ek wKQy eQi ciB we‡qi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z n‡q hvq|..................

A.   Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.                                                            1 ´ 5 = 5

(a)  Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word "constitute"?

      (i) add                           (ii) undo                        (iii) form                        (iv) remove

(b)  Adolescence is the period of — from childhood to adulthood.

      (i) reduction                  (ii) transition                (iii) increase                  (iv) decay

(c)  The word "behaviour" refers to —.

      (i) talks                         (ii) thoughts                  (iii) conduct                   (iv) belief

(d)  The closest meaning of the word "violence" is —.

      (i) unrest                      (ii) peace                       (iii) procession               (iv) protest

(e)  "— the legal age marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys"— what does the sentence mean?

      (i) Boys and girls under 18 cannot get married    (ii) Boys and girls under 18 can get married

      (iii) Girls are married before the age of 15           (iv) Boys are married before the age of 18

      Extra Questions :

(f)   The word 'abuse' refers to —.

      (i) insult                       (ii) misuse                     (iii) care                        (iv) torture

(g)  'Legal' could be the best replaced by —.

      (i) appropriate               (ii) expected                   (iii) legitimate                (iv) actual

(h)  Girls and boys under 18 and 21 cannot get —.

      (i) job                           (ii) married                    (iii) money                     (iv) none of these

(i)   What is the best synonym of subordination?

      (i) domination               (ii) supremacy               (iii) principality             (iv) obedience

(j)   What is the meaning of the word 'characterized'?

      (i) narrated                   (ii) mentioned                (iii) categorized              (iv) described

(k)  What is the meaning of the word 'inequality'?

      (i) disparity                   (ii) alikeness                  (iii) impartiality             (iv) parity

(l)   What is the meaning of the word 'research'?

      (i) ignorance                 (ii) silliness                   (iii) inactivity                (iv) experiment

(m) What is the closest meaning of the word 'marginalize'?

      (i) to treat someone who is exceptional               (ii) to treat someone who is mad

      (iii) to treat someone as if he is not important    (iv) to treat someone who is bad

(n)  What is the doorway between childhood and adulthood?

      (i) adolescence               (ii) youth                      (iii) community              (iv) family

(o)  Where do the girls feel weightless?

      (i) in the school or college                                  (ii) in the family

      (iii) in the community                                       (iv) in the in-laws' house

 (p) 'Dowry' stands for —?

      (i) collection of girls for a marriage                     (ii) wedding gift given by the groom to the bride

      (iii) wedding gift given by the groom to the bridegroom

      (iv) the money or property demanded by the bridegroom from the bride's family

(q)  By which words is the situation of adolescent girls characterized in Bangladesh?

      (i) equality and cooperation                               (ii) understanding and admiration

      (iii) inequality and subordination                       (iv) power and domination

(r)   More than 50% of adolescent girls suffer from ¾

      (i) diarrhoea                  (ii) typhoid                    (iii) malnutrition           (iv) anaemia

(s)   What do you understand by 'maternal mortality'?

      (i) death of the pregnant women                         (ii) death of the new born baby

      (iii) marriages of the girls                                  (iv) death of the sons

(t)   What is the synonym of the word 'majority'?

      (i) multiplicity               (ii) minority                  (iii) inferiority                (iv) all of these

(u)  According to the passage 'in the in-laws' house many girls fall a victim to ¾

      (i) independence            (ii) maltreatment           (iii) comfort                   (iv) felicity

(v)  The practice of dowry should be ¾

      (i) stated                       (ii) banned                    (iii) improved                 (iv) increased

B.   Answer the following questions.                                                                                      2 ´ 5 = 10

(a)  What type of a period is adolescence in one's life?

(b)  What is the notion of WHO toward adolescence?

(c)   How many adolescents are there in Bangladesh? What is the proportion of their gender?

(d)  What is the legal age of marriage for Bangladeshi boys and girls?

(e)   Which adolescent girls tend to marry at a later age?

      Extra Questions :

(f)   What are the reasons of inequality and subordination of adolescent girls in our family and society?

(g)  How do education play a vital role in a girl's life?

(h)  Why do the boys get married only after several years of adolescence?

(i)   Describe the conditions of in-laws' house of a girl in 2/3 sentences.

(j)   Describe the role of adolescence in a person's life in one sentence.

(k)  "Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth." Do you agree? Why/Why not?

(l)   Can you guess the reasons of inequality and subordination of adolescent girls in the family and society?

(m) Describe the plight of adolescent girls in their in-laws' houses in 2/3 sentences.

(n)  Why are the adolescent girls at high risk in term of pregnancy and childbirth?

(o)  What has a girl to do in her in-laws' house after marriage?

(p)  How is the custom of dowry in Bangladesh?

(q)  What is the reproductive health service?

(r)   Give two negative impact of early marriage of a girl?

(s)   What is the condition of the illiterate unemployed boys?

2.   (i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the number of adolescents in Bangladesh and the aspects of adolescence. (One has been done for you.)                                                                        2 ´ 5 = 10

1. 13.7 million girls

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      Extra Question :

(ii)  Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the situation/ condition of adolescents in Bangladesh. (One has been done for you.)                                                                                                           2 ´ 5 = 10

1. 28 million adolescents

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Or, Read the above passage and complete the table below with the given information.      1 × 10 = 10

What/ Who	Event/Activity	How/Where	Time
Adolescents	(i) ..........		a nation's core
(ii) ..........	refers	adolescence	period of shaping the future of girls and boys
(iii) ..........	is characterised		inequality and subordination
(iv) ..........	is	18 and 21 respectively	(v) ..........
Adolescent girls	(vi) ..........	33%	before the age of 15
Adolescent girls	become mother	(vii) ..........	at the age of 19
Boys	(viii) ..........	for marriage	(ix) ..........
Adolescence	is	28 million	(x) ..........

3.         Write a summary of the above text.