HSC Modifiers

 

HSC Modifiers Rules

Md Saidul  Islam, Lecturer in English,Birshreshtha Noor Mohammad Public College,Peelkhana,Dhaka

1.Demonstratives: this, that, these, those, such

this boy------that boy

these boys-------those boys

2.Possessives  : my, your, his, her, our, their, its, whose, Rahim’s, etc. 

3.Determiner : a/an, the, few, little, many, much, some, any

4.Intensifier: very, at all, absolutely, completely, highly, rather, extremely, too, really, quite

5.Present Participle: Verb+ing. Examples: running, flying

6.Present Participle Phrase:Verb +ing +extra words.For examples: standing on ponds and rivers, playing in the field

7. Past Participle: Mr. Kader is a wanted criminal. This is a deserted house.

8.Noun Adjective: দুইটা Noun একসাথে থাকলে  আগেরটা  Noun Adjective. For examples:football stadium, cricket player, sea level, rebel poet, Bengali literature,

9.Quantifier: few, little, all, many, much, some, any

10.Infinitive: to+v1: to go, to sing, to become

11. Bare Infinitive: Infinitive ‘to’ remains silent

I helped him do the work.

12.Infinitive Phrase: to+v1+extra words: to earn money, to sing a song, to become a doctor

13. Appositive: Nazrul, the national poet of Bangladesh , won the attention of everyone in his early childhood.

   Rabindranath Tagore, a great poet of Bengali literature , was born in 1861.

    Sheikh Hasina, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, is a strong leader.

14. Modify the noun= Adjective: Adjective gives extra information about a noun.

      Mr Bashar is an honest person. He has a black car.

Some common adjectives: fatherly, friendly, great, famous, beautiful, quarrelsome, lunatic, national, intelligent, talented, popular 

15. Modify the verb: Adverb

Adverb is of 3 kinds:

1.Adverb of time:regularly, almost,often,never

2.Adverb of manner: cruelly, really, completely, usually, generally, easily, seriously,rapidly

3.Adverb of place: here,there,nowhere,everywhere, 

16. Relative clause: who/which/that+verb+ext.

Brabantio had a daughter who was very beautiful.

17.Adjective phrase: The roads constructed in our country  are beset with many problems.

18. Adverbial:in the morning, at the park, She spoke with confidence, She was happy with the result.

1.   Read the text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.                                     0.5×10=05

The gifts of science are uncountable. Wherever we cast (a) _____ (use possessive to pre- modify the noun) eyes, we see the wonders of science. (b)______ (use noun adjective to pre- modify the noun) TV channels are the means through which we can see and hear the events that are happening (c) _____ (use adverbial) the world. Besides today we have specialized (d) ______ (use noun adjective to pre modify the noun) channels on almost every interest. So people now have more choices and more freedom about television programmes. Satellite channels help us a lot by (e) _________ (use participle) on climate conditions of different parts of (f) ________ (use article to pre modify the noun) world. As a result we can be aware of storms, cyclones and tidal bores. Moreover satellite channels are helping us to a great extent (g) ________ (use infinitive verb to post modify the verb) our (h) _______ (pre -modify the noun) culture and tradition. Though satellite channels are playing a (i) ____ (pre- modify the noun) role, it is however doing harm to our young and new generation. Anyway still we cannot deny (j) ________ (use article) immense benefits we are getting from satellite channels.

 

    2. Taj Mahal is one of the most (a) ____ (pre-modify the noun) buildings in the world. It is situated at Agra (b) ____ (post –modify the verb). Emperor Shahjahan built it (c) ____ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase) for his wife. He built it as tomb for his wife. It is made of fine (d) ____ (pre- modify the noun) marble. It rests on a (e) ____(pre-modify the noun), platform. It has eight sides and many (f) ____ (pre- modify the noun), arches. There is a (g) _____ (pre-modify the noun) dome above the centre of the building .Visitors come (h) ___ (post modify verb with an infinitive) this wonderful building at different times of the day. It assumes (i) ___pre- modify the noun) looks at different times. But most people like it on (j) ____ (pre- modify the noun) nights.

    3. Mother is an (a) — (use an adjective phrase to pre-modify the noun) blessing in the world. Mother’s Day is a (b) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) significant day observed as (c) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) occasion in honour of mothers. The day was for the first time, announced as a formal holiday in the United States of America. Mothers' day is now observed (d) — (Use an adverbial phrase to pre-modify the verb) as elsewhere around the world. The sons and daughters (e) — (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) wait for this day. They buy some special presents for their (f) ¾ (use a superlative degree to pre-modify the noun) mother. When they offer the presents, the mother becomes very happy. It brings a (g) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the noun) happiness between a mother and (h) — (Use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) children. The bond of relationship between mother and children becomes everlasting. The mother (h) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) draws her children with her motherly affection. In this way, we pay a (j) — (Use a participle to pre-modify the noun) tribute to our dear mothers.

4.Deforestation means cutting down of trees (a) —– (post-modify the verb). To meet up the basic needs of food and housing, trees are being cut in large scale and thus it causes (b) —– (pre-modify the noun) imbalance. Besides, there are some dishonest people who cut trees in our forest (c) —– (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). The (d) —– (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) level is rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. New areas of the world are (e) —– (use a participle to pre-modify the verb) turned into desert as a result of deforestation. So, we must stop (f) —– (use a participle to post-modify the verb) down trees unnecessarily. (g) —– (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) trees indiscriminately will be hazardous for our future existence. If we destroy trees(h) —– (use an adverbial phrase to post modify the verb) one day the country will turn into a great desert. The (i) —– (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) temperature will cause green house effect. Necessary measures should be taken (j) —– (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb).

 

 5.Ayesha Begum has three sons and two daughters. Her husband was a (a) —– (pre-modify the noun) farmer who used (b) —– (post-modify the verb by using infinitive) on other people’s land. With great effort they married (c) —– (use a pronoun) daughters off by the time they reached teenage. The sons also started (d) —– (use present participle to modify the verb) with their father as (e) —– (pre-modify the noun) labourers when they were old enough to help. By the time they were seventeen, they left for towns (f) —– (use infinitive to post-modify the verb) money. At first they used to send money to their parents (g) —–, (use an adverb to post modify the verb) but after getting married they barely had enough to support their (h) —– (pre-modify the noun) families. Out of desperation, Ayesha Begum started (i) —– (post-modify the verb) in the village to feed her old, (j) —– (pre-modify the noun) husband and herself.

 

6. Arsenic is a (a) —– (pre-modify the noun) substance. It is (b) —– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dangerous for human health. (c) —– (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) substance is found in the water of the tubewell. There are (d) —– (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) villages in (e) —– (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country. Most of our (f) —– (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) people drink tubewell water. As a result, many of them are suffering from arsenic problem. This problem is (g) —– (pre-modify the verb) found in North Bengal. We should take proper measures (h) —– (post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase). Government is trying to mark the tubewells having arsenic (i) —– (use a participle to post-modify the verb) red colour. People should be refrained from drinking water of (j) —– (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) tubewells. Otherwise, they will suffer from arsenicosis.

 

7.A village doctor is a very (a) — (pre-modify the noun) person in the rural areas of Bangladesh. He is (b) — (pre-modify the verb) known as quack. A village doctor is not a (c) — (pre-modify the noun) doctor. He usually sits in a small dispensary (d) — (post modify the verb). He treats the patients (e) — (use a participle phrase to post-modify the verb). A village doctor is not a (f) — (pre-modify the noun) man. His chamber is (g) — (pre-modify the verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicine to (h) — (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of qualified doctors is (i) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So a village doctor is a great friend to the (j) — (pre-modify the noun) villagers.

 

8.Macbeth is one of the (a) —— (Pre-modify the noun) tragedies ever written in the (b) —— (Use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) literature. After winning in a battle, Macbeth happened to meet three witches (c) —— (Use relative clause to post-modify the noun) that he would become the King someday. Hearing their prophecy, Macbeth became convinced and wrote a letter to his wife (d) —— (Use participle phrase to post-modify the verb). After some days, Duncan, (e) —— (Use appositive to post-modify the noun) arrived at Macbeth’s castle. But now a strong sense of conscience grew in him. He decided not to kill the King. But Lady Macbeth instigated him (f) —— (Use infinitive to post-modify the verb). Macbeth (g) —— (Pre-modify the verb) killed the king when he was sleeping. But, killing the (h) —— (Use participle to pre-modify noun) king, Macbeth killed (i) —— (Use possessive to premodify the noun) own sleep for ever. From (j) —— (Use demonstration to pre-modify the noun) night onward, Macbeth could not sleep even for a single movement.

9. Othello, (a) — (Use an appositive to post modify the noun) had risen to become a general. He had shown his bravery in many (b) — (Use an adjective to pre modify the noun) battles against the Turks. Everyone praised him (c) — (Use an adverb to post modify the verb) and the senate trusted and honoured him. Brabantio, a rich senator of Venice had a daughter named Desdemona (d) — (Use a relative clause to post modify the noun). Brabantio (e) — (Use an adverb to pre modify the verb) invited Othello to his house where he and his daughter listened in wonder to Othello as he spoke about his adventures. He told them of deserts, of caves and of mountains high (f) — (Use an intensifier to pre modify the adjective) to touch the sky. Desdemona had to weep (g) — (Use a present participle to post modify the verb phrase) and she never became tired of listening to it. She pitied Othello (h) — (Use an adverb to post modify the verb) for the misfortunes and hardships of his life. Her pity (i) — (Use an adverb to post-modify the verb) turned to love. She refused all the young men (j) — (Use an infinitive to post modify the verb) because she loved Othello, a noble Muslim Moor from North Africa.

10. Socrates, (a) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), believed that an angry man was more of a beast than a (b) — (Use adjective to pre-modify the noun) being. His wife used to lose (c) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) temper on the slightest excuse. She tried her utmost (d) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the noun phrase) Socrates. (e) — (Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) day the woman became more furious than ever. She began to insult (f) — (Use article to pre-modify the noun) great scholar of Greece. Socrates went (g) — (Post-modify the verb with an adverbial of place). He sat on the (h) — (Use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) step of his residence looking out on the path street. The wife found that (i) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) husband was not paying the least heed to her word. She went up to him with a bucket full of water and suddenly she poured much water over him. He (j) — (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) remarked, "I am expecting this. After thunder, comes rain."

11. [DinajB '17]

Sabbir is (a) — (use determiner to pre modify the noun phrase) ideal student. He prepares (b) — (use possessive to pre modify the noun) lessons in collaboration with his teachers. He does (c) — (post modify the verb) in every examination as he does not waste time. He knows time once lost is lost for ever. So, he utilizes every moment. During his free time he goes to his native village. He teaches (d) — (pre modify the noun) people. He wants (e) — (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb) illiteracy from his village. (f) — (use present participle to pre modify the verb) illiteracy from his village, he wants to bring about massive development there. He is (g) — (use an intensifier to pre modify the adjective) devoted to God. He says prayer (h) — (use quantifier to pre modify the noun) times a day. He never tells a lie. He respects his parents very much. Other superiors are also respected by him. His father, (i) — (post modify the noun phrase with an appositive) supports him cordially. His mother, an ideal housewife, (j) — (pre modify the verb) supports him very much. Such a student like Sabbir is rarely found nowadays.

12.A balanced diet is a good mixture of (a) — (pre modify the noun) food. It is essential for us (b) — (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) a healthy life. There are many benefits of eating a (c) — (pre modify the noun) diet because it prevents (d) — (use determiner to premodify the noun) diseases. As a result, we do not get sick (e) — (post modify the verb with an adverb). We should select (f) — (pre modify the noun with possessive) diet according to our needs. We should not eat the (g) — (use adjective to pre modify the noun) foods for the whole week. We can keep fit (h) — (use a participle) a balanced diet. But it is not easy (i) — (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) a balanced diet. Here (j) — (use a determiner) nutritionist can help us.

13.Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali literature. He was a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) poet. He wrote (b) — (post-modify the verb) in every branch of Bengali Literature. Nazrul, (c) — (use an appositive), won the attention of everyone in his early childhood. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of (d) — (use possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed his songs (e) — (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb). His songs are (f) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious. He enriched the Bengali literature (g) — (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb). His literary works have enriched (h) — (use an noun adjective) literature. He was (i) — (use an article) secular poet. He sang the songs of equality (j) — (use an adverbial phrase).